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Orthodox Quakers are pacifist in religious belief. They preferred to be and let be. The following relates to the Bull family - Henry Bull, born in South Wales in 1610, was in Boston by 1635 and later became the 2nd Governor of the Colony of Rhode Island. By the 1730's the Josiah Bull family was in Dutchess County, New York -
A daughter of Josiah Bull, Jr. by his first wife was Maturah Bull married Thomas Bowerman. Joseph Bowerman, son of Thomas and Maturah (Bull) Bowerman, married Phoebe Cronkhite. Phoebe was the daughter of Jacob Cronkhite and Philadelphia Carman. Philadelphia, born 1766 at Oyster Bay, Long Island, was the daughter of Adam Carman and Philadelphia Titus. Another daughter of Josiah Bull, Jr. by his second wife was Patience Bull married William Garrett. William was the son of Isaac Garrett and Sarah Carman. Sarah, born 1762 at Oyster Bay, Long, was also a daughter of Adam Carman and Philadelphia Titus. Jacob Carman, son of Adam Carman and Philadelphia Titus also departed for Canada during the Revolution, to return after the war was over. Several of the children of Adam & Philadelphia (Titus) Carman family left for Canada during the Revolution to avoid military service, later to return at the Revolutions end.
On Long Island, several members of the Society of Friends ('Quakers') had taken the high ground prior to the adoption of the Declaration of Independence and issued public statements to the newspapers of the time, releasing and freeing the slaves that they owned - Phoebe (Willetts) Mott, widow of Adam Mott, was one, and before her was James Titus. The signers of the Declaration of Independence had the wording on slavery removed from the Declaration in order to obtain the signature of South Carolina without which the Declaration would not have been adopted by unanimous vote. Twelve of the original Colonies voted "yea" for adoption of the Declaration of Independence. The Representative to the Continental Congress from New York, not having instructions which way to vote one way or the other, abstained.
"This was in the beginning of the Revolutionary war, and this manumission of slaves was accompanied by the marching of armies, and the sound of hostile cannon, but neither cannon nor armies had any connection with the manumission, for the Long Island Quakers were faithful to the testimony against war. William Ryckman told in after years how Friends were sitting silent in Pearl street meeting in New York, while they heard the cannon of the battle of Long Island thundering in the distance... Long Island came into the possession of the British, and companies of troops were quartered in Hempstead and its vicinity. The British army could thus draw supplies from Long Island, and a good cash market was thus made for all farm produce. Fire wood was in such request that much of the woodland of Long Island was cleared up and specific contributions were levied on the farmers for additional supplies. The requisition of 20th February, 1781, for six thousand cords of wood from Long Island for the British army demands of Stephen Mott 36 cords and of Adam Mott 50 cords--"to be delivered at the landing so as to be put on vessel." Requisitions for forage were made by order of Gov. Tryon, under penalty that if the hay, or other articles were not brought in by a day specified they would be taken by force, and no payment made. But property taken by soldiers was not always paid for, even when delivered as demanded, and many hardships were suffered in the rural districts. And for the Quakers the hardships were still greater, for, faithful to their testimony against war, they refused to supply any requisitions for purposes of war, or even to sell-anything to the army. What the army took by force could not be resisted. But when produce or goods were taken for military uses, and payment offered, it was refused. Adam Mott Snr. suffered in this way. The younger Adam, in after years told of levies made on his father's barns and cribs,--and on one occasion, in his father's absence, the officer ordered the young Adam to show him where to find the forage, and the young man, reluctant to supply the army, or to be made a party in robbing his father, hung back till the officer struck him with the flat of his sword, and then went and helped himself. Military supplies could not be refused with impunity. The penalty might be double--or more than double the amount first demanded. But these were penalties to which the "testimony against war" had already subjected Friends in times of peace, and also long after the war--down to within the memory of many still living, like exactions, with penalties to many times the amount were taken from Friends for refusal to render Military Service. Nor were peaceable citizens, during the troubles of revolution, always protected from outside violence Marauders on Long Island, as it was in the occupation of the British, were usually from the American side of the lines, claiming to be patriots and "Whigs"--They were commonly called "Whaleboatmen." "Adam Mott, on the East side of Cowneck," says a contemporary record, "was twice robbed by Whaleboatmen--once of considerable clothing." - "Adam and Anne Mott: Their Ancestors and their Descendants", Thomas C. Cornell, 1890
10/07/2006 |