"The First Map of Long Island, Presented to the States-General by Adrian Block, January 18, 1616. From "Early Long Island, a Colonial Study", Martha Bockee Flint, New York, 1896

The Dutch made the first permanent settlements on Long Island but were not very successful in keeping peace with the Indians ( Wall Street in New York City today is a relict of that time when a real wall was built for the security of the city, probably as much from the English as the Indians ).  But in 1643 John Carman and Robert Fordham came to the center of Long Island and made a treaty with the Indians which was shortly after confirmed by a 'patent' with the Dutch, who figured Englishmen were better than no settlers at all.  This was approximately 120,000 acres of what is now the Town of Hempstead and the South Shore of Long Island.